Asteraceae

• Achillea millefolium; Common Yarrow; Introduced (Europe); Common in roadsides, fields, and wooded areas throughout Refuge. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Ageratina altissima; Synonyms: Eupatorium rugosum; White Snakeroot; Native; Common to abundant in woods and shaded roadsides throughout the Refuge.  Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Ambrosia artemisiifolia; Common Ragweed; Native; Abundant in fields, along roadsides, and disturbed places throughout the Refuge. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Ambrosia bidentata; Toothed (Lanceleaf) Ragweed; Native; Common in fields, roadsides and disturbed areas throughout the Refuge. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Ambrosia trifida; Giant Ragweed; Native; Both CCP and Ulaszek (1988) consider this plant occasional; however, throughout the Refuge it is locally abundant along roadsides, woods’ edges, and disturbed places. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Antennaria plantaginifolia; Pussy-toes; Native; Locally common in dry woods throughout the Refuge. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Arctium minus; Common Burdock; Introduced (Europe); Local and uncommon (along horse trails, according to Ulaszek 1988). Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Arnoglossum atriplicifolium; Synonyms: Cacalia atriplifolia; Pale Indian Plantain; Native; Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Arnoglossum reniforme; Synonyms: Cacalia reniforme, Cacalia muhlenbergii, Arnoglossum muhlenbergii; Great Indian Plantain; Native; Occasional in both moist and dry woods. It can be found along Rocky Bluff Trail. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Artemisia vulgaris; Common Mugwort; Introduced (Europe); Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Bidens aristosa; Swamp Marigold; Native; When flowering, a conspicuous plant, locally abundant in moist roadsides, ditches and pond margins throughout the Refuge.  Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Bidens bipinnata; Spanish Needles; Native; Locally common in roadsides in wooded areas. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Bidens cernua; Nodding Bur-Marigold; Native; Locally common in wet places and margins of ponds. Often occurs in large numbers. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Bidens connata; Swamp Beggar’s-Tick; Native; Uncommon in wet habitats along the shores of the lakes. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Bidens discoidea; Few-bracted Beggar's-Tick; Native; Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Bidens frondosa; Beggar’s-Tick; Native; Common along the shores of the lakes. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Bidens tripartita; European (Swamp) Beggar’s-Tick; Native; Uncommon in moist places. Botanists disagree about the status of this taxon. Some (e.g., Jones 2005) consider the very similar B. connata, B. comosa, and B. tripartita as distinct species. Mohlenbrock (2002) treated B. tripartita as a synonym of B. comosa but later (Mohlenbrock 2014) listed them as separate species. Yatskievych (2006) views both B. comosa and B. connata as synonyms for B. tripartita.  I have not yet been able to confirm the presence of B. tripartita (or B. comosa) in the Refuge. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Boltonia asteroides; False Aster; Native; Locally common in roadsides and disturbed areas, mostly in moist areas. Conspicuous along east side of Crab Orchard Lake, south of Highway 13. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Brickellia eupatorioides; Synonyms: Kuhnia eupatorioides; False Boneset; Native; Not yet confirmed. Ulaszek (1988) considers it occasional along roadsides and in successional fields. Mohlenbrock (2014) says that the subspecies in our area is confined to southwestern counties. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Carduus nutans; Musk / Nodding Thistle; Introduced (Europe); Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Cichorium intybus; Common Chicory; Introduced (Europe); Mohlenbrock (2014) describes this plant as common throughout Illinois. Indeed, farther north roadsides are painted blue with Chicory. It is remarkable, therefore, that in the CONWR the plant is rare. It occurs along the road just south of Wolf Creek Causeway. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Cirsium discolor; Field Thistle; Native; Common in disturbed areas, fields and roadsides throughout the Refuge. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Cirsium vulgare; Bull Thistle; Introduced (Europe); Both CCP and Ulaszek (1988) consider this thistle rare and I concur. I have not yet been able to confirm its presence on the Refuge. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Conoclinium coelestinum; Synonyms: Eupatorium coelestinum; Mistflower; Native; Locally common in moist areas throughout the Refuge. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Conyza canadensis; Synonyms: Erigeron canadensis; Horseweed, Mare’s Tail; Native; A locally common to abundant weed in fields, roadsides, and disturbed areas throughout the Refuge. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Coreopsis tinctoria; Golden Coreopsis; Introduced (W US); Occasional. This pretty plant occurs at times in the fields near A-41 Pond. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Coreopsis tripteris; Tall Coreopsis; Native; Occasional in dry woods and prairies. Not yet confirmed. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Echinacea pallida; Pale Coneflower; Native; Occasional. In prairies along Pigeon Creek Road. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Eclipta prostrata; Synonyms: Eclipta alba; Yerba de Tajo; Native; Locally common in wet areas along the lakes and in moist disturbed areas. Easily found near the boat landing at Little Grassy Lake dam. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Elephantopus carolinianus; Carolina Elephant’s-Foot; Native; Occasional in dry woods in the Devils Kitchen Lake area. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Erechtites hieracifolia; Pilewort, Fireweed; Native; Common in fields, woods, thickets and shaded roadsides throughout the Refuge. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Erigeron annuus; Annual Fleabane, White-top; Native; Abundant in roadsides, fields and disturbed soils. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Erigeron philadelphicus; Common Fleabane; Native; Abundant throughour the Refuge in many different habitats. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Erigeron strigosus; Lesser Daisy Fleabane; Native; Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Eupatorium altissimum; Tall Boneset; Native; Although Mohlenbrock (2014) considers it a common plant in Illinois, it is rare in the Refuge. Ulaszek (1988) observed but did not collect it and Chris Benda reports it from the Prison Research Natural Area. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Eupatorium perfoliatum; Boneset; Native; Locally common in wet areas along the lakes. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Eupatorium serotinum; Late Boneset; Native; Common to abundant in moist areas, roadsides, fields, and disturbed soils throughout the refuge. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Euthamia graminifolia; Synonyms: Solidago graminifolia; Grass-leaved Goldenrod; Native; Uncommon in moist fields and moist ground. Not yet confirmed. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Eutrochium fistulosum; Synonyms: Eupatorium fistulosum; Hollow Joe-Pye-Weed; Native; Uncommon in lowland woods and thickets. Not yet confirmed within Refuge boundaries. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Eutrochium purpureum; Synonyms: Eupatoriadelphus purpureus; Purple (Green-stemmed) Joe-Pye-Weed; Native; Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Gaillardia pulchella; Indian Blanket Flower; Introduced (W US); Uncommon. In prairies along Stringtown Road. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Galinsoga quadriradiata; Fringed Quickweed, Peruvian Daisy; Introduced (tropical America); Occasional in disturbed areas. It can be found near the bridge at south Rocky Comfort Road.  Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Gamochaeta purpurea; Synonyms: Gnaphalium purpureum; Early Cudweed; Native; Ulaszek (1988) found this plant in a disturbed sandstone glade and in a successional field. I have not yet encountered it. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Grindelia lanceolata; Narrow-leaved Gumweed; Native; Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Helenium flexuosum; Synonyms: Helenium nudiflorum; Purple-headed Sneezeweed; Native; Occasional to rare in the Refuge. I observed it only once in a field near A-41 Pond. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Helianthus decapetalus; Pale Sunflower; Native; Rare, according to Ulaszek (1988) and CCP. It occurs in dry woods. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Helianthus divaricatus; Woodland Sunflower; Native; Common in open woods, roadsides, and disturbed areas. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Helianthus maximiliani ; Maximilian Sunflower; Introduced (W US); Occasional. This showy sunflower is locally abundant within the Refuge boundary along Highway 148. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Helianthus microcephalus; Small Woodland Sunflower; Native; Locally common in woods and roadsides. Common in the Rocky Bluff area. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Helianthus mollis; Ashy Sunflower; Native; Occasional. In fields west of administration building on Pigeon Creek Road. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Helianthus tuberosus; Jerusalem Artichoke; Native; Locally common in lowland thickets. Easily found just north of the Wolf Creek Causeway. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Heliopsis helianthoides; Ox-eye (False) Sunflower; Native; Uncommon in dry forests and thickets, according to Ulaszek. Elsewhere it occurs in roadsides and fields. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Hieracium gronovii; Hairy Hawkweed; Native; Common in dry forests and succssional fields. Occurs along Rocky Bluff Trail. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Iva annua; Synonym: Iva ciliata; Marsh Elder, Sumpweed; Native; Locally common in moist soil. Common near Grassy Point at Crab Orchard Lake.  This species superficially resembles Ambrosia bidentata. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Krigia biflora; False Dandelion; Native; Common in wooded areas throughout the Refuge. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Krigia dandelion; Potato Dandelion; Native; Uncommon in dry upland forest. Though present in areas nearby, I have not yet found this plant along Rocky Bluff Trail. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Lactuca canadensis; Wild Lettuce; Native; Common in woods, fields, and disturbed soils. It can grow 3 meters (about 10 feet) tall. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Lactuca floridana; Blue (Woodland) Lettuce; Native; Uncommon in upland forests. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Lactuca hirsuta; Hairy Lettuce; Native; Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Lactuca saligna; Willow-leaved Lettuce; Introduced (Europe); Locally common in disturbed soils. Abundant in the Wolf Creek Causeway area.  Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Lactuca serriola; Prickly Lettuce; Introduced (Europe); A common plant in roadsides and waste places. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Leucanthemum vulgare; Synonyms: Chrysanthemum leucanthemum; Ox-eye Daisy; Introduced (Europe); A common to abundant wildflower in roadsides, fields, disturbed areas and edges of woods. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Liatris pycnostachya; Prairie Blazing Star; Native; Locally common. An extensive stand occurs near the wildlife observation sign on Pigeon Creek Road. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Liatris scabra; Rough Blazing Star; Native; Occasional  to locally common in dry upland forest. Mohlenbrock (2014) recognizes L. scabra and L. squarrulosa as distinct species. The bracts and leaves of L. scabra are hairy whereas those of L. squarrulosa are glabrous. Yatskievych (2006) and ITIS regard L. scabra as a synonym of L. squarrulosa. The plants I found in the woods at the south end of Little Grassy Lake were hairy (thus L. scabra). Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Liatris spicata; Marsh Blazing Star; Native; Apparently locally common on sandstone glades and wet meadows. Not yet confirmed. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Matricaria chamomilla; Synonyms: Matricaria recutita; Wild Chamomile; Introduced (Europe); Rare. Near parking lot in the Wolf Creek Causeway area. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Matricaria discoidea; Synonyms: Matricaria matricarioides; Pineapple Weed; Introduced (W US); Locally common in disturbed, gravelly areas throughout the Refuge. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Nabalus altissimus; Synonyms: Prenanthes altissima; Tall White Lettuce; Native; Locally common in woods. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Nabalus crepidineus; Synonyms: Prenanthes crepidinea; Great White Lettuce; Native; Locally abundant in mesic upland forest, according to Ulaszek. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Oligoneuron rigidum; Synonyms: Solidago rigidum; Stiff Goldenrod; Native; Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Packera aurea; Synonyms: Senecio aureus; Golden Ragwort; Native; Locally common in moist areas. Ulaszek calls it locally abundant. It occurs along Rocky Bluff Trail.  Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Packera glabella; Synonyms: Senecio glabellus; Butterweed, Yellowtop; Native; Common to abundant in woods, roadsides, fields and disturbed areas. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Parthenium integrifolium; Wild Quinine, American Feverfew; Native; Occasional in dry woods and fields. In prairies along Pigeon Creek Road. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Pluchea camphorata; Camphorweed; Native; Occasional. Most easily found near Little Grassy Lake boat landing west of the dam. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Polymnia canadensis; Leafcup; Native; Occasional in moist or dry woods. Easily found in the woods across from Rocky Bluff Trail on Tacoma Lake Road. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium; Synonyms: Gnaphalium obtusifolium; Sweet Everlasting; Native; Uncommon in fields and open woods. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Pyrrhopappus carolinianus; False Dandelion; Native; Occasional in roadsides and fields. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Rudbeckia hirta; Black-eyed Susan; Native; Abundant in pastures, open woods, and disturbed areas. One of our most conspicuous widespread flowering plants. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Rudbeckia laciniata; Goldenglow, Cutleaf Coneflower; Native; Occasional in lowland and moist areas. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Rudbeckia triloba; Thin-leaved Coneflower, Brown-eyed Susan; Native; Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Silphium integrifolium; Wholeleaf Rosinweed; Native; Occasional. In prairies along Pigeon Creek Road. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Silphium perfoliatum; Cup Plant; Native; Uncommon to locally common in moist areas and lowland thickets. The large opposite leaves are fused at the base forming a "cup" that holds water after rains. Thought to provide the plant with a "moat" to keep crawling insects away from the flowers. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Silphium terebinthinaceum; Prairie Dock; Native; Occasional. In fields west of administration building on Pigeon Creek Road. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Smallanthus uvedalia; Synonyms: Polymnia uvedalia; Bear’s Foot, Leaf Cup; Native; Occasional to rare in woods and thickets. Thus far located only near the administration building off Pigeon Creek Road. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Solidago altissima; Tall Goldenrod; Native; Common in pastures, fields, roadsides, and disturbed areas throughout the Refuge. The taxonomic status of this plant has vacillated between a distinct recognized species and a subspecies of Solidago canadensis. Both the ITIS Standard Report and Flora of North America accept S. altissima as a distinct species. The involucres of S. altissima are noticeably longer than those of S. canadensis, and its ray and disc florets are more numerous. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Solidago buckleyi; Buckley’s Goldenrod; Native; Mohlenbrock considers this species rare in southern Illinois. Uncommon in wooded areas throughout the Refuge. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Solidago caesia; Blue-stem Goldenrod; Native; Common in wooded areas throughout the Refuge.  Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Solidago canadensis; Canada Goldenrod; Native; Common in fields, woods, and along roadsides throughout the Refuge. See S. altissima. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Solidago juncea; Early Goldenrod; Native; Common in fields, along roadsides and disturbed areas throughout the Refuge.   Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Solidago nemoralis; Gray Goldenrod; Native; Common in fields and along roadsides throughout the Refuge. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Solidago petiolaris; Downy Goldenrod; Native; Rare. The only location found thus far is near the boat ramp at the west end of Devils Kitchen Lake.  Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Solidago speciosa; Showy Goldenrod; Native; Occasional. Can be found at northwest end of Devils Kitchen Lake. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Solidago ulmifolia; Elm-leaved Goldenrod; Native; Common in woods throughout the Refuge. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Sonchus asper; Spiny Sow Thistle; Introduced (Europe); Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Symphyotrichum drummondii; Drummond’s Aster; Native; Locally common in dry upland forested areas and shaded roadsides in the Refuge. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Symphyotrichum lanceolatum; Synonyms: Symphyotrichum simplex; Panicled Aster; Native; Moist ground. Ulaszek (1988) judged it to be rare, locating it in the margins of Devils Kitchen Lake. The taxonomy of this species is complex. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Symphyotrichum lateriflorum; Side-flowering (Calico) Aster; Native; Locally abundant along moist roadsides, edges of ponds, and lowland thickets. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Symphyotrichum novae-angliae; New England Aster; Native; Rare. Along Pigeon Creek Road near the harmony Trail area. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Symphyotrichum patens; Late Purple (Spreading) Aster; Native; Common in dry, open forest and along roads in wooded areas. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Symphyotrichum pilosum; Hairy Aster; Native; Common in fields and roadsides. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Symphyotrichum racemosum; Small White Aster; Native; Fairly common along the shores of Crab Orchard Lake. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Symphyotrichum shortii; Short’s Aster; Native; Locally common in woods. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Symphyotrichum turbinellum; Top-shaped Aster, Smooth Violet Prairie Aster; Native; Uncommon in dry open woods. Occurs in the Union County segment of the Refuge. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Symphyotrichum urophyllum; Synonyms: Symphyotrichum sagittifolium; Arrow-leaved Aster; Native; Ulaszek (1988) reports S. sagittifolium as a hybrid, but gives no details. He observed but did not collect it. There is confusion as to whether or not this species is distinct from S. urophyllum and from S. cordifolium. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Taraxacum erythrospermum; Synonyms: Taraxacum laevigatum; Red-seeded Dandelion; Introduced (Europe); Rare. Ulaszek (1988) found this plant in a lawn. Mohlenbrock (2014) says it occurs occasionally in disturbed soil throughout Illinois. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Taraxacum officinale; Common Dandelion; Introduced (Europe); This familiar plant occurs in disturbed areas throughout the Refuge. We can find it in bloom at any time of the year. Generally considered a weed to be eradicated, flowering Dandelions in a green meadow offer a charming sight. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Tragopogon dubius; Sand Goat’s-Beard; Introduced (Europe); Occasional in roadsides. Locally common along roads on west side of Devils Kitchen Lake. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Verbesina alternifolia; Synonyms: Actinomeris alternifolia; Wingstem, Yellow Ironweed; Native; Moist and upland woods and floodplain. Common to locally abundant. Blooms in spring and early summer.  Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Verbesina helianthoides; Synonyms: Actinomeris helianthoides; Yellow Crownbeard, Yellow Wingstem; Native; Uncommon in prairies and open woods. Blooms in late summer and fall. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Vernonia gigantea; Synonyms: Vernonia altisssima; Tall Ironweed; Native; Uncommon. In fields near A-41 Pond. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Vernonia missurica; Missouri Ironweed; Native; Roadsides and fields throughout the Refuge. Common to locally abundant. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Xanthium strumarium; Synonyms: Xanthium italicum, Xanthium pensylvanicum, Xanthium speciosum; Cocklebur; Native; Locally common in disturbed areas near water.  Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants