• Juniperus virginiana; Red Cedar; Native; Common throughout the Refuge. It is widespread on sandstone glades, in upland forests, fields and along roadsides.  Photos Phytoimages;USDA Plants

• Picea abies; Norway Spruce; Introduced; Ulaszek (1988) does not record it. I have not observed it anywhere on the Refuge. Pending further search, I recommend this taxon be removed from the Refuge list. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Pinus echinata; Shortleaf Pine; Introduced; By far the commonest pine on the Refuge, it is found in plantations and spreading into open dry upland forests. CCP lists this tree as abundant.  Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Pinus ponderosa; Ponderosa Pine; Introduced; Listed as rare in CCP, I suspect this is a mis-identification. I recommend it be removed from the Refuge list. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Pinus strobus; Eastern White Pine; Introduced; CCP lists this tree as rare whereas Ulaszek (1988) does not record it. The plant can be found near the entrance of Harmony Trail.  Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Pinus sylvestris; Scotch Pine; Introduced; Listed as rare on CCP. I have not observed it on the Refuge. Pending further search, I recommend it be removed from the Refuge list. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Pinus taeda; Loblolly Pine; Introduced; CCP lists this tree as common, Ulaszek (1988) as occasional. The exact distribution is not yet clear to me. The species is in mixed stands with P. echinata. It is locally common along Tacoma Lake Road.  Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

• Pinus virginiana; Virginia Pine; Introduced; CCP lists this tree as common. Ulaszek (1988) reports that it is rarely planted in pine plantations and is spreading into adjacent fields. I am inclined to describe it as uncommon. It can be found spreading along Crab Orchard Lake in the area directly south of Carterville. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants

Taxodiaceae

• Taxodium distichum; Bald Cypress; Native; CCP describes this tree as occasional, however, locally uncommon might be a more accurate description. This tree grows in various wet areas, such as along the shores of Crab Orchard Lake in the Wolf Creek Causeway area. Photos Phytoimages; USDA Plants